Artificial states in the process of fundamentalism and globalization

The changes in the religious institutions and religious behaviors of the third world countries, which experienced the negative effects of industrialization, modernization and colonialism, are one of the most interesting subjects of recent times. After 1950, new religious movements emerged with the driving force of globalization. Following these changes, important events took place in the Islamic world in the 20th century. Increasingly radicalized new religious movements became active in 1980 and later and evolved into global terrorism. Salafism is a religious-political approach that provides a basis for radicalization and terrorism after the 20th century. Salafism, whose roots are found in the early periods of Islamic history, can be radicalized with the codes such as takfir and jihad. However, in the countries where Salafism is rooted, it has not always been integrated with violence. While Salafism can appear in a religious-political framework that will legitimize violence, as in Syria, it can gain an appearance that can enter the parliament in Egypt, support the current government in Turkey, and cooperate with the government in England. In this sense, Salafism can be basically divided into moderate and radical. ​In this study, the social, political, religious and economic background of the radicalization of Salafism is examined. In this sense, with a Weberian approach, the conditions of the formation of Radical Salafist terrorism were investigated in the context of the relationship of religion with social strata. The conditions under which radical Salafist terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda, ISIS, Boko Haram, can open up space for themselves have been examined, and in this context, the social, political and economic conditions of Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq and Nigeria were analyzed. Keywords: Fundamentalism, Salafism, radicalization, globalization, ISIS.