Genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Ganoderma lucidum against mitomycin-C on human periferal lymphocytes

In this study, genotoxic effects of water extract of Ganoderma lucidum and antigenotoxic effects Ganoderma lucidum against damage induced by mitomycin C was determined with chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronucleus (MN) assays. In the study 9500,00; 4750,00; 2375,00; 1187,50 and 593,75 µg/ml concentrations of mushroom extracts were used. In CA test, neither alone nor simultaneous application with MMC did not show significant genotoxic and antigenotoxic effect during 24 h (except for 593,75 µg/ml). In 48 hours treatment, in the group which mushroom extract applied alone any change on the frequency of abnormal cells and CA/cell were not observed, however in the group which mushroom extract and mitomycin C are applied simultaneously these rates reduced compared with positive control. In the group which mushroom extract applied alone, micronucleus frequency decreased compared with negative control and there is no change in micronucleus frequency in the group which mushroom extract and mitomycin C are applied simultaneously. There is not any alteration in nuclear division index (NBI) in both groups. There is no significant change in SCE/cell in 24 hour treatment. SCE/cell rates in group which mushroom extract applied alone increased compared with negative control in 48 hour application. In contrast, SCE/cell rates in group which mushroom extract and mitomycin C are applied simultaneously decreased compared with positive control in 48 hour treatment. RI didn?t change in either groups. In the group which mushroom extract applied alone, the mitotic index (MI) was not effected compared with negative control (24 and 48 hour). However when mushroom extract and MMC were applied simultaneously mitotic index increased significantly at 593,75 and 2375,00 µg/ml concentrations for 24 h and at 4750,00 and 9500,00 concentrations for 48 h application.According to these results G. lucidum generally did not show any cytotoxic, clastogenic and aneugenic effects in cultured human lymphocytes in vitro. Furthermore G. lucidum have remedial effects against genetic damage induced by MMC.