Late Ottoman and Early Republic of Türkiye official institution of the Germans and the French and their impact on cultural life

In this thesis, it was aimed to examine the official institutions of the French and Germans in the Late Ottoman Period and the Early Turkish Republic and their impact on our cultural life in Istanbul and Ankara, to determine their cultural activities in Istanbul and Ankara, and to determine in which city these activities were concentrated in the period after Ankara became the capital. The thesis is based on the information obtained from books, articles, theses, archives and especially the Early Republican press. As a result of the thesis, the subject was divided into three chapters. In the first part, the Late Ottoman period was analyzed and firstly, the embassies, schools, hospitals and associations of both countries in Beyoğlu, Istanbul were researched. Secondly, in order to understand the cultural structure in Beyoğlu, bookstores, French and German press, food and entertainment venues, performing arts venues of both countries, Western music in Istanbul of the period and finally the entertainment concept during the Occupation years were analyzed. In the second part, the French and German reaction to the new capital, the status of the embassies, German influence on the construction of Ankara, performing arts venues, restaurants and taverns in Ankara and Istanbul, the contributions of both countries to education policy, archaeological institutes, and the French and German press are analyzed. In the third part, the findings on the cultural activities of the embassies, scientists, artists and their conferences, music events, films and stage performances of the two countries, activities of associations and fashion were analyzed by investigating the reflections in the press in the Early Republic.