Determination of quality and agromorphological characteristics of some bread wheat varieties registered in our country from past to present

The aim of this study was to investigate the agro-morphological, grain, and quality characteristics of 144 bread wheat varieties. The experiments were conducted in the Crops Research and Application Area of the Faculty of Agriculture of Çukurova University during the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons. The experiments were arranged in 12x12 alpha lattice experimental design with two replications. The variance analysis carried out on the data from all stutied characteristics revealed statistically significant differences among the bread wheat varieties. According to the two-year data of the study, it was determined that days to heading ranged from 70.5 to 113 days; days to the grain filling from 32 to 83 days; the grain yield ranged from 206.7 kg/ha to 950 kg/ha; the thousand-grain weight ranged from 24.73 to 52.10 g, the grain area ranged from 12.3 mm2 to 25 mm2, the grain perimeter ranged from 14.86 mm to 19.72 mm, the grain length ranged from 5.565 mm to 7.885 mm, the grain width ranged from 2.450 mm to 3.715 mm, the length/width ratio of the grain ranged from 1.785 to 2.735, the grain circularity ranged from 0.615 to 0.759, the distance ratio between the intersection of grain length and width and the center of gravity ranged from 0.315 to 0.785. Based on the results of the research, the bread wheat collection tested can be used for bread wheat breeding purposes, considering the analyzed specific characteristics.