Endovasculer treatment of wide-necked intrakranial aneurysms with flow diverter stents

The term of aneurysm means blood vessel expansion. One type of aneurysm occurs with budding outside from a weak point of the artery that is called saccular and the other type is fusiform aneurysm which means ballooning a segment of arterial wall without budding. The wide-necked saccular aneurysms have at least 4 mm neck width or length of the neck with at least half the length of the dome. Ninety percent of intracranial aneurysms doesn't clinically diagnosed until ruptured. Seventy five to eighty percent cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)'s is ruptured saccular aneurysm. The mortality rate is around 25% after the first 24 hours of bleeding while 50% in 3rd month. Although surgery is considered as the first choice in the treatment of aneurysms in many centers endovascular treatment is widely used. Flow diverters are designed for especially wide-necked aneurysms because of the low efficacy and safety rates of surgical and other endovascular treatment methods. The use of flow diverter stents are increasing everyday because of high aneurysm occlusion rate, low complication and mortality rates. Baskent University faculty of medicine Ankara Hospital, İnterventional Radiology Department's patient archieves from year 2011 to 2014 were retrospectively examined and 5 male and 14 female patients aged between 38 to 74, who underwent endovascular repair due to wide-necked intracranial aneurysms were included our study. Demographic data, clinical symptoms of these patients; localization, diameters, number, neck diameters, occlusion rates, of the aneurysms; type of the stent, the use of anticoagulation treatment during process, successful device deployment rate, complications during and after procedure ,use of anjioseal after the procedure and the first year follow up findings were evaluated. In our study mean patient age was 56.6 years (range, 38-74 years); 26.3 % of them were male. Technical success rate was 100%. A total of 23 aneurysms in 19 patients were treated with flow diverters. Eleven patients were treated with Pipeline stent. Eight patients were treated with Silk stent. In follow up , control examinations carried out for 18 patients and in 20 of 22 aneurysms was achieved complete occlusion. The aneurysm occlusion rate was calculated as 90.9%. A patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage treated flow diverters stent died because of septicemia and large amount of bleeding before stenting. In a patient pseudo aneurysm occurred and another patient has developed stroke. In our study, mortality and morbidity rate was 5.6% and 5.5%, respectively. As a result, flow diverter stents shown to bean effective and safe method especially in the treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms because of high aneurysm occlusion rate, low complication and mortality rates and providing side branch aperture.