Effects of genotype, nutrient media and cold treatments on androgenesis in eggplant

Anther culture is one of the most favorable technique to obtain androgenic haploid and doubled haploid plants in eggplant. Although the application of anther culture is widespread in eggplant, the success of embryo inducdion and haploid plant production depends on a lot factors such as genotype, nutrient media, stress treatments and plant growth regulators. The effects of genotypes, nutrient media and cold-shock treatment of eggplant buds on androgenic success were examined in this study. Anthers of Anamur F₁, Anamur F₂, Anamur F₃, Topan 374 and Yamula genotypes were cultured according to Dumas de Vaulx and Chambonnet (1982) (DDVX), Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) and Gamborg et al. (1968) (B5). Flower buds were treated with at 4 and 10 °C for 24 and 48 h. Flower buds were not treated with cold in control application. The highest embryo formation observed in DDVX media for Anamur F1, Topan 374 and Yamula genotypes, and MS media for Anamur F2 and Anamur F3 genotypes. The highest embryo formation obtained from Yamula genotypes cultured at DDVX media at 4 °C 48 h cold treatment with 110 embryos from 60 anthers. Topan 374 and Yamula Genotypes were found more tend to embryo and plantlet formation. The best results were obtained when buds pretreated at 4 °C 48 h before anthers cultured. The lovest embryo formation obtained from control treatments which buds antreated with cold. As a result, sufficient embryos, plantlets and haploid plants were achieved in the study. However, androgenic respons varied according to genotypes, nutrient media and cold pretreatments.