George Ivanovic Gurdjieff's human understanding

The aim of this study is to examine the human understanding of George Ivanovich Gurdjieff who was born in Kars in 1866. In the first part of the study, the problem of human from the First Age to Gurdjieff is discussed, the human views of some philosophers characterizing the First Age, the Middle Ages and the Recent Age are given, and the historical development of the concept of philosophical anthropology is tried to be explained. The human views of philosophers whose thoughts on the human are paralel to Gurdjieff's thoughts on the human are analyzed in comparison with Gurdjieff's view of the human, and the background of the concept of the human in the historical and philosophical thought system is investigated. After mentioning Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Thomas of Aquinas, Descartes, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, Marx, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, Camus, Gasset, Scheler, Althusser and Horkheimer's thoughts about the human, Gurdjieff's conception of the human is discussed. In the second part of the study, the categories of the human are tried to be explained by pre+senting Gurdjieff's being categories whose human and being conceptions are related. In this section, the transition of man from being a machine to having an objective consciousness is described in stages. According to Gurdjieff, who claims that the laws of the universe are the same as the laws of being, and the laws of being are the same as the laws of man, man is a sleeping machine, and the Fourth Way is the guide that will guide him to awaken from his sleep.