Physicochemical properties of powders of wild mushrooms growing in Giresun province

This thesis study aimed to determine the physical properties and nutritional compositions of powders obtained from some edible wild mushrooms of Giresun, which are of economic importance. For this purpose, 47 edible wild mushrooms belonging to 10 species (Agaricus campestris, Cantharellus cibarius, Hydnum repandum, Lactarius piperatus, Lactarius pyrogalus, Lactarius volemus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Ramaria botrytis and Sarcodon imbricatus) were procured from local markets of Bulancak, Piraziz, Dereli and Şebinkarahisar districts between 2014-2015 and their morphological properties were determined. Physical (loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, stickiness (cohesiveness), flowability, water activity, moisture content, dry matter, wettability, solubility, color, turbidity, pH and SEM analysis) and chemical (ash, protein, crude fiber, total dietary fiber, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral compositions, total phenolic content and β-glucan) analyzes were performed in lyophilized mushroom powder samples. Loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, Hausner ratio, Carr index, angle of repose (θ), water activity (aw), moisture content, dry matter, wettability, solubility, L*, a*, b*, chroma (C*), hue angle (ho), turbidity and pH values of powders were detected as 0.11-0.45 g cm-3, 0.18-0.74 g cm-3, 1.37-2.08, 26.80-51.81, 31.52-46.50o, 0.23-0.56, 4.17-10.29%, 89.71-95.83%, 0.74-9.89 min, 11.42-60.59%, 24.33-58.66, 0.07-10.05, 10.72-27.98, 11.45-29.09, 66.81-89.76o, 18.13-132.33 NTU and 3.37-6.51, respectively. Morphological characterization of samples was determined by SEM analysis. In addition, ash, protein, crude fiber, total dietary fiber, total phenolic content and β-glucan were determined as 4.59-15.22%, 15.93-52.45%, 5.84%-27.54%, 23.35-69.30%, 4.08-49.26 mg GAE g-1, 4.94-41.46% w/w in dry matter, respectively. Moreover, 17 essential and non-essential amino acids, 37 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and 11 macro (K, Ca, Mg, Na, P) and micro (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, B) elements of powders were detected. % Daily Values (%DV) were calculated. Accordingly, edible wild mushroom powders are recommended for usage and consumption as food additives and food supplements due to valuable nutrients and bioactive compounds that they contain.