The comparison of European Union and Turkey in terms of entrepreneurship policies

Today, high value-added technology-oriented entrepreneurship is seen as the driving force of economic growth. The main agenda of the states is the development of entrepreneurship, increasing innovation and R&D activities. States, that increase innovation and entrepreneurship activities, focus on the entrepreneurs, support R&D activities, and offer an attractive investment environment for entrepreneurs and investors are ahead of the global competition. Entrepreneurship-oriented government policies require reforms in a number of areas from access to finance to tax and bureaucratic processes, from intellectual and industrial property rights to education, from infrastructure to R&D, from open public data to employment policies, from R&D expenditures to human investment policies, from export policies to technology transfer processes. The aim of this thesis is to reveal the development of policies for the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the European Union and Turkey from the past to the present. Within the scope of the study, the countries that are at the top of each of the categories like Sweden from Innovation Leaders, The Netherlands from Strong Innovators, Italy from Moderate Innovators and Croatia from Emerging Innovators categories according to the European Innovation Score 2021 published by the European Union will be discussed and compared with Turkey in terms of entrepreneurship policies. The analysis obtained will be supported by a survey that has been conducted to entrepreneurship ecosystem institutions in İzmir and İstanbul in order determine the evaluation of Turkey's entrepreneurship policies. In this context; the evaluation of Turkey's entrepreneurship policies will be evaluated by getting ideas of representatives from different groups in the entrepreneurship ecosystem. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Knowledge Economy, Entrepreneurship Policies, European Union