Investigation of the effects of antipsychotic drugs and adipokinetic hormone on derived brain neurotrophic factor in glioma cells.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key molecule in neural and glial development, neuroprotection, plasticity and long-lasting effects on synapses for for cognition and memory in both health and disease. BDNF levels are reduced in depression and normalized by administration of antidepressants. The adipokinetic hormone (AKH) family of peptides controls fat, carbohydrate and protein metabolism in insects. AKHs possesses antidepressant, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects. AKHs might be a new approach to treating neurodegenerative and depressive disorders. In this study, we evaluated effects of the AKH on the BDNF. The C6 glioma cells were cultured with the clozapine (5 µM/L) and haloperidol (10 µM/L) antipsychotic drugs and Anax imperator AKH (AniAKH) (5, 10 and 50 µg/mL) for 24 h. We detected BDNF expressions and ultrastructure of C6 cells by immunocytochemistry staining and transmission electron microscope in the C6 glioma cells. In the C6 glioma cells of the all groups compared ultrastructural alterations of such as the cell morphology, nuclei, cytoplasmic organelles, the autophagic cell degeneration and apoptotic death. As compared with the control group, the BDNF staining density of Ani-AKH groups had significantly increased, while had lower in the clozapine and haloperidol groups. In the 5 and 10 µg/mL Ani-AKH groups, morphological changes such as the autophagic cell degeneration and apoptotic death were decreased the while the were increased in the clozapin and haloperidol groups than the control group. Our results revealed that Ani-AKH may be used a possible terapeutic agent for increase of BDNF and improvement of the ultrastructural changes the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the therapeutic use of AKH types is significantly limited by the lack of experimental research, and clinical trials; thus further studies are needed.