The validity and reliability study of the adaptation of glover-nilsson smoking behavioral questi̇onnai̇re to Turkish

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: The aim of this study was to adapt the Glover Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire which was developed to measure which behavioral patterns play role in people's smoking dependence into Turkish and test its validity and reliability and to examine the possible relationships between behavioral dependence levels and some sociodemographic characteristics in the study group. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This methodological and cross-sectional study was conducted with the patients who applied to Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital in Sakarya, the relatives of that patients, hospital personnel and Bahçelievler Family Health Center population. Data were collected from 250 people who agreed to participate to study between July 2019 and March 2020. The questionnaire form was including sociodemographic and smoking characteristics data form of 27 questions that created by scanning the literature, the Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test with 6 questions and the Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavior Questionnaire of 11 questions. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS v23.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY, USA) package program and p<0.05 was considered as a statistically significant level. RESULTS: The Kaiser Meyer Olkin test value of the scale was 0.849 and Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.826 (p<0.001). As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale was collected in two factors, and these two factors explained 43.3% of the variance in total. Also the confirmatory factor analysis showed x2=82,03, x2/df=1,90, CFI= 0,94, GFI= 0,95, AGFI= 0,92, RMSEA= 0,06. The scale was defined as a single factor structure in the original English language. In our study, items also were loaded on single factor and another exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The obtained factor explained 36.6% of the total variance. Factor loads varied between 0.707 and 0.307. The confirmatory factor analysis showed x²/df =3,179, RMSEA=0,094, GFI=0,899, AGFI=0,849, CFI=0,855. The ages of the smokers participating in the study ranged between 18-70, with a median of 37 and mean age was 37.31±12.53. 34.1% of the participants were female. 34.6% were never married, 57.7% were married. Never married persons and the males had higher behavioral dependence scores (p <0.05). In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between the Fagerström Nicotine Dependency Test score and the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the Glover Nilsson Smoking Behavior score. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that both the single-factor structure and the 2-factor structure of the Turkish version of Glover Nilsson Smoking Behavior Questionnaire is a valid and reliable scale. We recommend using the Turkish version with 2 factors. We consider that the short and easy applicability of the scale will enable it to be used in intervention programs and clinics.