Siege techniques of eurasian nomadic armies

There are some traits that separate kingdoms of the steppes from other kingdoms. Some of these are the structure of the government, the structure of the family, the laws, the way of life and religious beliefs. While mentioning all of the above in our thesis, we have separated one and focussed on it. Undoubtedly the structure of the army is the primary factor facilitating the armies of the steppes' invasion of vast portions of land. The capture of residential areas is of paramount importance in establishing security in the region when capturing or recapturing land. We have tried to illustrate how the armies of the steppes, that were frequently on campaign, laid siege to these residential areas by providing examples from multiple sources. The armies of the steppes would thoroughly scout the region before laying siege and would never set out on campaign without completing the necessary preparations. The armies of the steppes employed magic, sorcery and their beliefs in sieges; their shamans would attempt to predict the future and see omens in the world around them. The Suvar's led a period of innovation in their day even though the armies already had their own siege weapons. They had their own engineers but they had their neighbours construct siege engines for them too. They were well versed in siege methods and further developed the western method of sapping, using it to great effect. They knew how to conduct psychological warfare and used siege towers, catapults, battering rams and ladders effectively. There were some periods of willing and unwilling alliances with established allies. They were always merciless in siege warfare to ensure that during the next siege the people remained fearful and would surrender quickly.