Civil society and intellectuals in gramsci

This study aims to evaluate Antonio Gramsci's civil society fiction and the changing roles of intellectuals. While evaluating the issue of civil society and intellectuals in Gramsci, first of all, the basic concepts in Gramsci were clarified in an orbit from general to specific. Then, what Gramsci understands from civil society was revealed. Gramsci describes civil society in the metaphor of the war of position. Civil society has a central importance in terms of positioning hegemony and political power in modern democracies. Civil society is the scene of the position war of the dominant ideas at the sociological and political level. Intellectuals have a special meaning in this scene. Because intellectuals play an active role in the development of the superstructure. In Gramscian thought, intellectuals are divided into two categories, traditional and organic. Traditional intellectuals were born out of society's authentic existence and represent deep-rooted relationships in society. Integrated into the ruling class, characterized by narrow specializations and pragmatic relations, organic intellectuals are the spokespersons of the rulers in institutional and professional terms. As a war of positions in power relations, organic intellectuals play a decisive role as the sole agents of dominant ideas and hegemonic relations in civil society. Because the dominant ideology represented by dominant ideas wants to build its social legitimacy and hegemony through organic intellectuals. Traditional intellectuals, on the other hand, position it outside of the dominant thought according to organic intellectuals. The role of traditional intellectuals in the formation of the new historical bloc replaced organic intellectuals for different purposes. However, in terms of the intellectual bloc, the two categories of intellectuals are intertwined. In this study, the effects of Gramsci on determining the roles of intellectuals and hegemonic relations in civil society analyzes were investigated. Keywords: Gramsci, civil society, intellectuals, traditional intellectuals, organic intellectuals