Determination of chemical composition of pectin obtained from grapefruit, kumquat and jujube fruits and its 3 different modifications and determination of cytotoxi̇c effects on MKN-45 cell line

In recent years, studies on the biological activities of plant natural polysaccharides have increased the interest in pectin, a complex structural polysaccharide found in the structure of many plants and fruits. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the in vitro antiproliferative effects of grapefruit, jujube and kumquat pectins and their modified products in gastric cancer (MKN-45) cell line. It was determined that the spectra of pectins produced by FTIR were similar to the commercial pectin spectra and also had characteristic peaks for pectin mentioned in the literature. The amount of galacturonic acid was found to be 612 mg/g in grapefruit pectin, 544 mg/g in jujube pectin and 704 mg/g in kumquat pectin. As a result of DSC analysis, one endothermic peak and one exothermic peak were observed for all pectin samples and modifications. Since the pectins obtained from the 3 fruits used in the study and the physical and chemical modified products obtained from these pectins did not have a cytotoxic effect in the MKN-45 cell line, the cytotoxic effect of the enzymatically modified products of pectins was determined by preliminary studies. It was determined that the enzymatically modified product obtained from grapefruit pectin had a high cytotoxic effect at all concentrations, and the 0.075 mg/ml was found to be the most effective concentration. In the enzymatic modified product of kumquat pectin, it was determined that all concentrations showed cytotoxic properties and 0.3 mg/ml, 0.15 mg/ml and 0.075 mg/ml applied concentrations were the most effective and showed statistically similar effects. It has been determined that all concentrations of the modified product obtained from jujube pectin by the enzymatic way, except for the concentration of 1.2 mg/ml, have cytotoxic effect.