An optimization of load-frequency control by artificial bee colony algorithm method in a power system

In an electrical system, voltage and frequency are the important parameters of the power system. The proper operated power system means that the generated and consumed real powers are on equilibrium and the power that is distributed to consumers should be on nominal frequency and nominal terminal voltage. However, since the amount of demanded load frequently changes and the electrical energy cannot be stored in large amounts, an advanced control methods are needed to protect this equilibrium for an interconnected system. These control methods provide the equilibrium of the real powers and control the system frequency are called load-frequency control in general. In Turkey, this subject is particularly studied for the connecting Turkish interconnected system to the European interconnected system. The load-frequency control is one of the most important control problems which are worked on the coverage of this adaptation process. In this study, in order to obtain the optimum response of frequency deviation and tie-line power change, artificial intelligence based optimization algorithms are used and the optimization studies have been realized for the controller parameters. As a controller, a gain scheduling proportional plus integral (PI) and proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controllers are used and these gain scheduling processes are provided comparatively by using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm separately. The ABC algorithm is applied to the load-frequency control of an interconnected power system for the first time and is provided to be reference for the future studies. In addition to this, the results obtained by using the PI-controller which is optimized by ABC algorithm are compared with the results proposed in the literature in which used PSO algorithm. As a general evaluation, the rates of the frequency deviations and the tie-line power changes are investigated on the system designed by using ABC algorithm according to the system designed by PSO algorithm. Finally, in order to reduce the damped oscillations on the response of the system and to determine the robustness of the control, a PID-controller optimized by ABC algorithm is designed and analyzed both in the values of ±25% and ±50% of the base load and the power system parameters.