Hayvan barınağında hava kalitesini izlemek için yeni bir çevrimiçi ölçüm sisteminin geliştirilmesi

Maintaining optimal air quality in animal barns is of great importance for the health, welfare and productivity of farm animals. Poor air quality can expose animals to harmful gases such as ammonia (NH₃), methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), which can cause respiratory diseases, stress and low productivity. In addition, these emissions can cause environmental problems such as greenhouse gas accumulation and climate change. Therefore, continuous monitoring and evaluation of air quality parameters are necessary for effective livestock management. The aim of this study is to develop a real-time air quality monitoring system using existing sensors for use in barns. The system is managed by an Arduino Nano microcontroller that integrates various gas sensors and a temperature-humidity sensor on a PCB. The sensors used include TGS2611-E00 methane sensor, SHT35 humidity and temperature sensor, MH-Z16 NDIR carbon dioxide sensor, KE-25 oxygen sensor and MQ137 ammonia sensor. In order for Methane and Ammonia sensors to measure low gas concentrations accurately, the calibration equations given in the literature were used. Since other sensors were calibrated by the manufacturers, no separate calibration was required. The output signals from the sensors are processed via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and transmitted wirelessly to a central climate unit using the LoRa communication protocol. An important aspect of this study is the evaluation and monitoring of air quality inside the barn by analyzing the data obtained from the sensors. The results obtained were compared with critical threshold values and their effects on animal welfare were examined. Temperature and relative humidity index values were calculated using barn temperature and relative humidity values. This index can be used to monitor thermal stress. In addition, two different values were determined as daily stress load value and daily stress duration to determine the severity and duration of negative changes in air quality. This system, which integrates real-time air quality assessment, provides an important tool that will help farmers optimize ventilation, reduce harmful gas accumulation and improve barn conditions.