Hydroelectric power and investigation of the impact on efficiency turbine type choice in hydroelectric power plants

In order to provide comfortable life and continue of economic development, around each year the world's energy consumption is increasing by 5-6%. However fossil fuel reserves (coal, petroleum, natural gas) decreases by higher percentages. In this direction has begun to emerge on the world energy crisis. Furthermore the fact that use of fossil fuels causes the increase in global warming and environmental problems and dangers human health. Under received data, finding alternative solutions for energy needs and their use has become inevitable for all countries. For all these reasons the current century, renewable and clean alternative energy resources are breakthrough to become a century. In line with the growing importance of alternative energy sources in this study consists of four sections, Turkey's demand for energy and resources to the production of the information about the use of renewable energy sources mentioned the importance of the need for the development of energy policies in the foreground. Study on hydroelectric power and turbine types is detailed and in Erzurum province, Ispir district, located on the Capans River Ozluce Regulator and Hydro-electric Power Plant (HEPP) Project, as an alternative to the preferred Pelton type turbines Francis type turbine efficiency can be used in this project is conducted under the same conditions and compared with the existing system. In the first section; Turkey?s electric energy installed capacity, demand, production, consumption values with energy demand-production projections generated for the next ten-year period are investigated. In the second section; hydroelectric power plants are classified by defining the concept of hydroelectric energy. In the third section; methods for determination of hydroelectric potential are described and hydraulic turbine types used in hydropower plants are described with usage information. In the last section; turbine type verification is made on a sample project Ozluce Regulator and HEPP which is under construction at Erzurum city Ispir district on Capans creek. Conceptual design of Francis turbine and compare with preferred Pelton turbine in terms of efficiency are made. As a result of this comparison if Pelton type turbine is preferred at rivers with high head, low flow or variable flows, that will provide opportunity to plant executable with much lower flows than project flow. In this way, minimizing the spilled water increases the amount of water converted to the energy and energy losses can be avoided. Keywords: Energy sources, Hydroelectric power, Hydraulic turbines, Ozluce Regulator and HEPP