Investigation of antimicrobial effect of hirudo verbana secretion

Introduction: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance as a global health crisis has intensified the search for novel antimicrobial agents. Natural products, including those derived from leeches, have emerged as promising alternatives. Leech secretions contain various bioactive compounds and exhibit potential antimicrobial activity. However, the antimicrobial spectrum and mechanisms of action of different leech species remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of secretions from Hirudo verbana, a common leech species in Turkey, against hospital-acquired bacterial and fungal strains. Methods: Leech secretions were collected using an L-arginine solution soaking method. The antimicrobial activities of these secretions were tested against a panel of bacteria, including common pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as local isolates like Morganella morganii and Enterobacter cloacae, and the fungus Candida albicans using the disk diffusion method. Inhibition zones were measured to assess antimicrobial activity. Results: Leech secretions exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against some bacterial strains, as evidenced by the formation of inhibition zones. Notably, the largest inhibition zones were observed against E. coli and S. aureus. However, no significant antimicrobial effect was observed against C. albicans. Discussion: These findings suggest that secretions from Hirudo verbana leeches possess potential antimicrobial activity against certain bacterial strains. These results strengthen the possibility of using leech secretions as a natural source for the development of new antimicrobial agents. However, further studies are needed to identify the specific compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity and to elucidate the mechanisms of action. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence of the antimicrobial potential of secretions from Hirudo verbana leeches. Future studies should expand the spectrum of bacteria and fungi tested, elucidate the mechanisms of action, and evaluate the clinical potential of leech secretions. Additionally, investigations into other biological activities of leech secretions may reveal new perspectives for the use of this natural resource in various fields.