The history of the blackboard and artists using the blackboard in art and their works

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the "History of Blackboard and The Artists Using Blackboard in Art and Their Works" which is a subject that has not been addressed sufficiently in our country and in the world literature. Questions such as "Where and when was it used for the first time? In what period, for what purpose was it used? etc. shed light on the subject. As a result of this research, it has been resolved that the existence of Blackboard in education is related to writing. It has been observed that the tablets, which started in the Sumerian era and were used as student notebooks for a long time, were used in the form of stone, wood and wax tablets in the subsequent civilizations. The Sumerian student clay tablet, the Etruscan tablet used around 700 BC and the Greek wax tablet are the ancestors of the blackboards used today. In literature studies, it was seen that the use of large blackboards in classrooms was in 1801 for the first time and after 1841 it was more widely distributed and used gradually in central schools, then in town and village schools. In the second half of the 20th century, it was replaced by colored and technological boards. In this study, in which the historical process of the blackboard is examined comprehensively, its relationship with art and (while it is used less in education in our century) and why it affected the artist so much, are focused on. It aims to investigate why and by whom the blackboard form, which was first witnessed in the works of Joseph Beuys, was used. Considering the period and the years it was made and referring to the reasons for choosing this surface its presence in art in various mediums has been demonstrated with case studies by addressing from educational, historical, cultural, nostalgic, identical, ethnic etc. contexts. Keywords: Blackboard, Text, Subject, Media, Context,