Evaluation of antiretroviral treatment and adverse events infollow-up cases diagnosed with HIV/AIDS

Aim : This study aimed to evaluate the development of comorbidities and changes in biochemical, hematological, and metabolic parameters in people living with HIV before and after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. It also sought to provide insights into treatment safety by comparing the effects of different antiretroviral therapy regimens on biological parameters. Materials and Methods: In this retrospectively designed study, individuals aged 18 years and older living with HIV who were followed between June 1, 2022, and 2024 were screened, and those meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Data regarding physical examination findings, laboratory results, anthropometric measurements, antiretroviral therapy regimens, and treatment adherence during the diagnosis and follow-up periods were evaluated. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: A total of 84 individuals living with HIV were screened for the study, and 61 individuals who met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Among the participants, 55 (90.2%) were male and 6 (9.8%) were female. The mean age of the included individuals was calculated as 41.13 ± 12.56 years. At least one comorbidity was identified in 17 participants (27.9%). Following antiretroviral therapy, a statistically significant decrease in HIV-RNA levels and a significant increase in CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio were observed. Statistically significant changes were also detected in biochemical and hematological parameters after treatment. In particular: • Urea levels in those receiving TAF/FTC/EVG/c therapy (p = 0.047) • Total and direct bilirubin levels in those receiving TAF/FTC/BIC therapy (p = 0.015) • Phosphorus levels in those receiving TDF/FTC + LPV/r therapy (p = 0.009) • Calcium levels in those receiving DTG + 3TC therapy were found to be significantly different compared to other treatment combinations (p = 0.001). Conclusion: During the course of antiretroviral therapy, it is essential to monitor urea levels in patients receiving TAF/FTC/EVG/c, total and direct bilirubin levels in those receiving TAF/FTC/BIC, phosphorus levels in those treated with TDF/FTC + LPV/r, and calcium levels in those on DTG + 3TC at regular intervals. Careful monitoring of renal function in this patient group is also crucial for the early detection of potential complications.