Decellularized omentum scaffold effect on healing of critical sized bone defect with combination of mesenchymal stem cell and platelet rich plasma; A rat model

Critical sized bone defect treatments have high-costed and long time needing is still a major clinical concern on orthopaedic surgery. Despite there is a lot of treatment modalities on literature, we are also looking for new treatment methods. In this study, decellularized omentum scaffold effect on healing of critical sized bone defects are researched. Also there are combinations of mesenchymal stem cells and platelet rich plasma with decellularized omentum scaffold are researched. 30 Wistar-Albino rats are were categorized into 5 groups. 2 rats sacrified for preparing the platelet rich plasma. For every group, bilateral forearm were surgically disected and critical sized bone defect were formed on Radius bone shaft. 1. Group was the control group, so bone defect left with no scaffold be applied. 2. Group was the decellularized omentum group, 3. Group was decellularized omentum group with combination of mesenchymal stem cells. 4. Group was the decellularized omentum group with combination of platelet rich plasma. 5. Group was the decellularized omentum group with combination of both mesenchymal stem cells and platelet rich plasma. 6 weeks of healing were waited after post operative period. After healing, rats were sacrified and forearm bone disection were done. Both radiologic and biomechanic studies were done. Also bone histology examination were done. X-rays were examined with Cook Scoring system and histologic examination were done with Salkeld Scoring system. Parameters that constitute of this model were found and statistical analyze were performed. Biomechanically, there is no significant difference between groups. Radiographically, omentum applied and omentum with PRP combination applied groups are significantly different form the control and omentum group with combination of mesenchymal stem cells. Also histologically, omentum applied and omentum with PRP combination applied groups are significantly different (p<0.001) form the control and omentum group with combination of mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion: Decellularized omentum scaffold is a suitable scaffold for critical sized bone defects. Vitality of new cells are maintaned, new bone formation is seen, defect size become smaller and evanished and also scaffold is resorbed for single use of decellularized omentum. With combination of mesenchymal stem cells, new bone formation is diminished and bone healing is damaged. Decellularized omentum with combination of PRP increased bone healing histologically.