Agricultural life during the period of prophet Muhammad

Throughout the history of mankind, earth has an inseparable place in human life. Even though it has lost its prior significance after the industrial revolution, in order to better understand greater part of human history we need to study the land policy and agricultural life of those parts of history.That is why our study, which examines the agricultural life during the period of Prophet Muhammad, aims to contribute in better understanding the genesis period of Islamic history.Hadith literature, which covers every aspect of the period of Prophet Muhammad, works written specifically about the life and battles of the Prophet (Sirah and Maghazi literature), related sections of the general history books, Islamic law books have consisted the major part of the present study. In addition to those, works written specifically about botany and agriculture were examined. Finally we have tried to check the related contemporary theses and books as much as possible.As a result of this study, we have reached the conclusion that agriculture was the most important living source of people for the area of Hijaz and for the surrounding areas; and it held the central place in the economy of the cities, like Madinah, Taif, and Haybar. In this study, it has been even established that agriculture had the leading role in urbanization and establishment of above mentioned residential areas. Agricultural products, which provided the daily provision of people, were also among the most valuable trade goods. In addition, tithe collected from agricultural products was among the biggest revenues of the Muslim State.Because of the high prominence of agriculture in supplying the needs of the people and raising the standards of living, through the systems, like i?y? (reinvigoration of the unoccupied lands) and iq?? (assignment of the lands), Prophet Muhammad encouraged his companions to occupy themselves with agriculture. By constituting regulations in almost every fields of agricultural activities, he ensured the systematic operation of them.