The ambassadors of Prophet Mohammad's (Pbuh) and its results from prespective of Islam jurisprudnce (Islamic law)

Sending ambassadors to Arab tribes and empires was a pre-Islamic comman practice of Arabs. Later, Islam affirmed and approved its continuation. The Hudaybiya Agreement was an initiative for inter-state in the Arabian Peninsula. Right after this agreement, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) sent ambassadors along with his letters to the heads of neighboring empires and tribes both in and out side of the Arabian Peninsula and invited them to Islam. The main aim of this research article is to study the diplomatic activities of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH); to identify the ambassadors sent by him (PBUH); to find out the reactions of empires and their rulers; to account the effectivness of these diplomatic initiatives for spreading Islam in those regions, and strengthening the state of Madina. In addition, the complete perspective of Islamic jurisprudence on diplomatic relations of Islamic state with other states is also part of the study. It is the limitation of this study which includes only those ambassadors, who were sent by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This study is consisted on classic and the modern books of Hadith, Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) biographies, Islamic history and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Researcher found that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) sent fifteen of his learned and courageous companions as ambassadors to different leaders of Byzantine, Egyptian, Persian, and Ethiopian governments and the emirates of the Arabian Peninsula. Fourteen of those messengers aproached the target authorities and deliverd the letters of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and conveyed his message, but one of the fifteen was martyred before completion of his mission. Some of the authorities treated those ambassadors well, but some of them did not respect their traditional immunity and treated those ambassadors in bad way. In result of these diplomatic initiatives, some of the leaders from out side of the Arabian Peninsula and most of the leaders inside the Arabian Peninsula accepted Islam. The non believers of these states such as Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians would had to pay taxes. Resultantly, this activity spreaded Islam without war and expanded the boundaries and strengthened the authority of the first Islamic state. This study concludes that Islam takes care the special immunity to ambassadors. Upon violation (killing the ambassador), it declares war against culprits. Further, it put the neccessty of sending ambassador(s) towards the oponents to Islam befor launching an offensive action against the target state.