Andalusa Umayyad State in Abdurrahman I period (Political, social, military situation)

The Umayyad civilization of Andalusia, which was established on the Iberian peninsula, on which Spain and Portugal are located today, made important contributions to the enlightenment of a dark geography. While creating the Andalusian Umayyad civilization, different stages were experienced. Among these periods, the period of Abdurrahman I, who attempted to establish a new Islamic state in Andalusia at a time of turmoil, especially in the Islamic world, and was successful in this struggle, was discussed. Although I. Abdurrahman was descended from the Umayyad family, he was a member of a family that was active in the state administration. The state administration education that Abdurrahman I received from his family facilitated the administration of the new state he founded and ensured that this state continued its existence on a solid basis. The state founded by Abdurrahman I continued to exist for about 250 years after him. While I. Abdurrahman was establishing a new state in Iberia, he was accepted by the local people in a short time, especially Berber and Yemeni communities, who played an important role in the conquest of the region by the Islamic State, pledged allegiance to Abdurrahman I. The reason for this is the kinship of Abdurrahman I with the Berbers and the dissatisfaction of the Yemenis with the Abbasid governor. Abdurrahman I took advantage of this positive climate against him and created a state in a short time. This state was initially thought of as an Emirate in order not to divide the Islamic World. Abdurrahman I continued to work on creating an Islamic Civilization in the region as he had done in the period before him. The State he founded revived the existence of Islam, whose existence came to an end as a result of internal turmoil and rebellions in the region. While the Andalusian Umayyads carried out many reconstruction activities during the reign of Abdurrahman I, they enabled the region to turn into a cultural and educational center. Abdurrahman I also contributed to the formation of a unity in the region, unlike the period before him. Keywords: Andalusian Umayyads, Islamic World, I. Abdurrahman, Iberia.