İç mekan uygulamaları için hibrit metal-grafen mikroşerit anten tasarımı ve iyileştirilmesi

In recent years, wireless communications have gained significant prominence in our daily lives, offering a convenient and efficient means of transmitting information without the need for physical connections. This advancement has revolutionized the way tasks are performed and communication is carried out, facilitating seamless interactions over substantial distances using electromagnetic waves. The distinct advantage of wireless communication lies in its accessibility and adaptability, particularly in locations where conventional wired connections are impractical. As the reliance on wireless networks has grown, there has been a surge in connected devices and applications. However, this has led to network congestion, subsequently affecting data transmission speed. To counteract this challenge, network operators have explored solutions like utilizing higher frequencies to cater to the increasing demand for faster data transmission. The antenna plays a pivotal role within wireless communication systems, acting as a vital component. Among the various antenna types, microstrip antennas have gained prominence. Yet, they often exhibit limitations such as low gain and restricted bandwidth. Addressing these concerns becomes imperative. This study focuses on the enhancement of microstrip patch antennas (MPAs), specifically from rectangular and circular patches. The goal is to optimize their performance for operation at 62 GHz, catering to personal network applications within indoor environments. The simulation and optimization processes are carried out using CST Antennas modeling software. To enhance the bandwidth of the MPAs, a creative approach involving graphene flakes is employed. These flakes are strategically placed within engraved slots on the antenna patch. This introduces tunability to the antenna's frequency response, making it adaptable to applied voltages. Various slot shapes are explored to assess their impact on antenna performance. The simulation results highlight the effectiveness of this approach. The antennas exhibit robust performance and noteworthy tuning capabilities across multiple frequency bands, including 62 GHz, 59.545 GHz, 58.02 GHz, 53.21 GHz, and 57.965 GHz. This work underscores the potential of graphene-based modifications in enhancing antenna performance and expanding their applications in the realm of wireless communication. Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, Indoor Communications, Graphene, Reconfigurable Antenna, Antenna Optimization