The moderating role of self-efficacy in the effect of adverse childhood experiences on parenting attitudes

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the moderating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and parenting attitudes and to shed light on future research in this area. In this context, data were collected through an online survey from parents residing in Türkiye who have children aged between 2 and 6 years. After removing six participants with extreme values, the analyses were conducted on the data of 237 individuals. The data collection tools included the Sociodemographic Information Form, the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, the Parenting Attitude Scale, and the Self-Efficacy Scale. Pearson Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that adverse childhood experiences significantly predict parenting attitudes and negatively impact individuals' levels of self- efficacy. Moreover, significant relationships were found between self-efficacy and parenting attitudes. The results indicated that self-efficacy plays a moderating role in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and parenting attitudes, suggesting that individuals' parenting styles may vary depending on their level of self-efficacy. Enhancing self-efficacy may serve as a protective factor in fostering healthier parenting attitudes. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the importance of addressing early adverse experiences and strengthening self-efficacy in order to promote positive parenting and prevent the intergenerational transmission of dysfunctional patterns. The study offers valuable insights for psychoeducational interventions aimed at supporting parenting practices and developmental outcomes in both parents and children. Keywords: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Parenting Attitudes, Self-efficacy, Early Childhood, Trauma.