The problem of women in the reign of Abdülhamid II.

This study, which focuses on the women's issue during the reign of Abdülhamid II, examines the situation of Turkish, Armenian, Jewish and Greek women in social life, living in the Ottoman Empire in social life, such as "equality of rights, right to education, work and recognition of the individual" have been discussed. The political, military and cultural changes in the Ottoman Empire in social life, such as "equality of rights, right to education, work and recognition of the individual", have been discussed. The political, military and cultural changes experienced in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century caused women to write and express their demands for "equality of rights, the right to education, work and to be recognized as an individual", which are the demands of women. In that case, the event referred to as the "women's problem" is the struggle to make women accept that they are individuals against the patriarchal structure and the dominant power and that they want to have equal rights with men. The social and cultural demands of women during the reign of Abdulhamid II were a product of their struggle to become individuals. The process of modernization began for Greek and Armenian women after the Tanzimat, and for Turkish and Jewish women after 1860. The phenomenon of modernization was realized as a result of Turkish, Armenian, Jewish and Greek women's access to education in addition to press and broadcasting activities. Intellectual women and men who aimed to modernize women, wanted them to be active in the cultural and social spheres. Ultimately, the intellectual transformation of women caused them to change many things from their clothing to their entertainment habits. With this study, which is aimed to explane an important deficiency in the history, by addressing the issue of women in a multifaceted manner during the reign of II. Abdulhamid.