Turkish education history in two impact period (1960-1980)

The education system of the new state, which was founded on the Law of Unification of Education (the unification of education and teaching, March 3, 1924), which was adopted after the declaration of the Republic, brought many innovations. This new education system has been tried to be developed and adopted by many laws and regulations in the period from 1924 to 1960. Between the years 1960-1980 as well as all over the world, Turkey also economic, as well as in the field of education were affected by the political and social fields. With this study, it was aimed to reveal the decline of educational institutions, which were turned into a field of political conflicts and reckoning between 1960-1980. In addition, it is aimed to reveal the positions and developments of educators, institutions and organizations, between education and politics. On the basis of the sector most affected by politics and higher education, educational institutions and educational staff, which most affect politics, are the main elements of this study. The contents of the regulations brought back to education with the constitution and laws created after the military coup of May 27, 1960, the memorandum of March 12, 1971 and military interventions of September 12, 1980 constitute another research topic of this study. The negative impact of educational institutions against the democratic system interrupted by military coups, and the investigation of the prosecution, exile and liquidation movements faced by faculty members was one of the main research topics of this study. The arrangements and the results obtained with the "Primary Education and Education Law" adopted in 1961 and the "Basic Education National Law" adopted in 1973, brought radical changes to the Turkish Education System. The developments in education between 1960-80 were examined in two main categories based on 1961 Primary Education and Education Law and 1973 National Education Basic Law. The reason for this is the renewal of the Turkish Education System through these laws. As in the previous arrangements, it is possible to see the traces of political concerns and political frictions throughout the educational moves in 1961 and 1973. As such, education has become a summer board with all its institutions and organizations, and as a result, the decline of education has become inevitable. In the study, the development of preschool education, structural reforms and curriculum programs in primary education, political frictions in secondary education, the problem of quality and search for solutions, and the historical development of higher education, which has become the height target of politics and military tutelage with ideological turmoil, have been investigated in detail. As a result of this study, which was obtained by researching and examining about sixty basic sources, it was concluded that education between 1960-1980 was wasted for the sake of political settlements, and the same situation continues with different structures and discourses.