Multi-party political life in the second constitutional Constitutional period

The aim of this study is to evaluate the democratization of multi-party political life in the Ottoman Empire as a result of the declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy, together with the modernization movements that started in the late 17th century in the Ottoman Empire. Parties began to emerge in Ottoman politics during the constitutional period that started with the Ottoman Basic Law declared in 1876. During this period, political movements such as the Party of Union, and Progress, the Party of Freedom and Accord and the Party of Ahrar were established. Within the scope of the thesis, the political developments that took place after the declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy were explained and the political environment that the Ottoman Empire entered was clarified. Important events that led to the end of multi-party political life were also examined. The political and military reasons for the coup d'état on January 23, 1913, carried out jointly by the Committee of Union and Progress and Unionist officers, were analyzed and the raid was evaluated in every aspect. The constitutional government, which continued despite various setbacks until 1920, was completely destroyed as of 1923 and a new period called the Republican Regime began. The experiences of the Ottoman Empire towards democratization until 1923 laid the paving for the political structure of the Republic of Turkey.