The approach of the Ottoman ulemas against westernization after the Second Contitution

Since the Ottoman Empire was in need of need of new ruling experts, he established the madrasahs who would train the members of ruling elite. In madrasas, not only religious sciences, but in the sciences of mental sciences have been taught very important scientists have grown. Ulema have grew up in madrasahs, was employed not only in religous services, but in the state's top administrative posts, in law and education, in the administration of cities.The deteriorations started in the Ottoman state organizations at the end of the 16th century had a negative effect on the madrasa instition but the necessary arrangements could not be made. The westernization process, wich started with the Tulip period, became an offical state with the proclamation of Tanzimat and the religion-world balance with dominated the Ottoman Empire was deteriorated in favor of religion and in the favor of secularism after the Tanzimat. The religious institution and, consequently, the Ulema in the following stages of westernization, lost space and continued to decline. From the second Mahmut and the Tanzimat era, along with westernization the penitentiary bureaucrats became prominent and became the winning party in the competition they entered with the İlmiye class. A new generation of westerners has been raised by the state, wich is held by the new schools.This new generation of westerners rivaled the madrasas, and in this competition the madrasahs were always the losers because they were deprived of state support. In the second constitutional period of Ottoman westernization, secularization began to spread by gaining strength against religion. In the second contitutional period, the phenomenon of secularization wich reached the widest limits, started to spread and spread to the social stratum starting from the administration and thus formed the preparatory phase for the Republic. Ulema, who supported the innovation before the second constitutionalism and supported the innovations, was a novelty in the second contitutionalism, the constitutional rejime, the constitution, parties and associations, the media and the media, has adopted a sense of innovation. İn addition to these innovations supperted by Ulema in the second contitution, it opposes some western- origin innovations. Ulema opposed the attempts to adopt positivist and materyalist ideas, to increase the opposition to religion, to appeal to the caliphate, to be brought to the European law, to make changes in western style about women, and to the imitation of Eurpean social life. The late Ottoman Ulema has opposed westernizm to the direction of secularization instead of religion, and has stood in part against westernization. Keywords: Madrasah, Ulema, Westernization, secularization, Second Constitutionalism