Profit in economic theory

This study focuses on the concept of profit in economic theory. In economic theory, Profit considered as an important variable for the stability of the functioning of the capitalist system. And also profit represents an important income category in the distribution theory. Expressed in this way of the importance of profit, in this study, classical, marxian and neoclassical approaches of profit will be evaluated.According to classical economic thought, profit, capital accumulation and economic development process within the framework of the labor theory of value is an important source of capitalist system. Another school of economic thought, which is analyzed through the study of Marxist economic thought, profit, which surplus value takes the source of the functioning of the capitalist system, by source of surplus value of labor used in the production process in order to ensure the continuity of work time and labor power arises from the difference between the fee. Marxist economic thought, taking advantage of the contradictions of the classical labor theory of value, the product of all the labor laws of capitalism, labor exchange, which is the source of surplus value by the capitalist to go and abdomen prevents suggested seized.The concept of social class in classical and marxian economic thought had left the individual in neoclassical economic thought. In neo-classical economic thought individuals ,who is the the unit of analysis, when they decided two basic economic phenomenon of consumption or production, the producers have decided to come out at the time, so that the classical and Marxist economic thought, which is the unit of analysis classes and segments of the location of production and individual consumption and production distinction between consumer and producer are the decisions of the neoclassical economic thought, society, seen as the sum of the individuals, and with it the theory of the classical labor theory of value instead of the value of money has adopted a new approach in developing the economic thought. An important point that should be emphasized in order to neoclassical economic thought, classical and Marxist economic thought is separated as distinct from the interest and profit incomes. Neoclassical economics, provides a return equal to the contribution of each factor of production to production, a share that is equitable, under certain assumptions the total product divided among all the entries back, showing that there is no longer tried to establish a theory of distribution. Profit, in neo-classical economic thought, seems to be gain of the entrepreneur at the end of the production process; and in this sense refers to the income from the entrepreneur's contribution to production can be said to be equal within the framework of the neoclassical theory of distribution.Key Words:1.Distribution2.Profit3.Surplus Value4.Labour- Theory of Value5.Utility Theory of Value