The idea of progress and Fukuyama's position in this idea

Along with the idea of Enlightment, history has been taken as a progressingprocess and with idea of progress has been applied to all areas of life with andoptimist viewpoint. By the trust in human mind, every moment in history has beenevaluated as better than goes in the past and that idea of progress has beenaccepted as irrevocable. We observe in Hegel, Marx and Fukuyama -of course withsome distinctions- the inheritanca of this idea of progressive history. All of thembased their ideas on the belief that are some rules in history conducting itself.The fundemantal subject of this research, is to evaluate those arguments: History iswhether a linear process as Enlightment thinkers asserted or a process with sharp turnsand fluctuations. In this context, whether there are natural science rules valid for allnations, the differences between physical space and human space and whether realvalues determining history are linked to generalisations or individuality are discussed.To understand the formation of the idea of progressive history the premises of thecauses of its formation will be evaluated. Then, Francis Fukuyama?s position in thatidea and similarities and differences with the thinkers in the same line will beconsidered. Meaning given to history, dealing with alternatives outside progressivismis also essentially considered for this study.In the framework of that research it?s understood that progressivists -in the light ofsome concreteness- evaluate history in from a universalist framework and they ignoredifferences between societies. Furthermore, they approach historical space as a naturalspace and thus, impose some rules on it: but historical space as a cultural space dosenot possess rules as natural. It is also concluded taht because of the differencesbetween societies, the idea of universal history is not coherent, it?s impossible to seethe final result of historical process.