Examination of mental models regarding fossils and the fossilization process in 4th grade primary school students

This research aims to investigate the mental models of 4th-grade primary school students regarding the concepts of fossils and fossilization. The research was conducted with fourth-grade students from two primary schools located in a district of Şanlıurfa province during the 2022-2023 academic year. A total of 185 students were selected through a convenient sampling method for the study. In the research, one of the qualitative research methods, namely, the case study, was utilized. A tool for determining mental models, prepared by the researcher in line with the concepts of fossils and fossilization, was used as the data collection instrument. The data collection tool was developed based on a review of relevant literature and expert opinions. The instrument was presented to the students, and they were given one class hour to respond to the questions. The research revealed that students predominantly possessed incompatible models and scientific models regarding the concepts of fossils and fossilization. In this regard, recommendations were made for promoting active participation in lessons and incorporating concrete examples to enhance student engagement.