الولاية التكوينية للكاتب جلال الدين الصغير الحق الطبيعي للمعصوم في المذهب الشيعي الإمامي دراسة نقدية

This research examines the concept of "Wilayah Takwiniyyah" (Ontological Guardianship), which has become widely discussed and gained numerous followers within the Imami Shia sect. This concept, fundamental for many of them, emerged in the terminology of later Shia scholars during the twentieth century. Although the essence of the concept existed in ancient texts in meaning rather than in terminology, its interpretation has expanded over time to reach its current form. As a researcher, I have found that the meaning of this concept varies within the agreed-upon boundaries. Generally, it refers to the prophets' ability to exercise control over the universe and modify the outcomes of material causes of observable cosmic phenomena. Additionally, it encompasses religious authority and governance, as the prophets are the reference point and guide for creation. This is a spiritual characteristic granted to them by God's permission, distinguishing them from other humans. According to this understanding, Allah granted them exceptional authority to fulfill His wisdom in worldly life. Examples include Jesus's ability to resurrect the dead or Solomon's ability to communicate with animals, among other similar examples they use to support their position. This authority extends to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), who received what was given to previous prophets and more. Since the Imami Shia believe in the infallibility of the Twelve Imams and the Imamate of Ahl al-Bayt - which are fundamental to their doctrine - they attribute to these spiritually elevated imams the same qualities assigned to prophets due to their connection to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Sometimes they limit this matter to the realm of miracles, while at other times they extend it to encompass the entire universe. Some believe that Allah delegated to the prophets and imams the authority to control the universe in its hidden and apparent movements, enabling them to make desired changes in the cosmos and humanity - not through independent power but through divinely granted authority. Some consider this authority unlimited. This concept has sparked extensive debate between Shia scholars and other Muslim scholars, as it elevates prophets, messengers, and imams to a distinct position with extraordinary powers and cosmic influence. This debate has raised various questions scattered throughout books, articles, and interviews with prominent figures of the sect, including: What is the origin of this concept? Are there clear indications of this divine power and grant in the Quran and Sunnah? Is belief in this concept necessary within the Shia doctrine? This study critically examines Jalal al-Din al-Saghir's book "Al-Wilayah al-Takwiniyyah: The Natural Right of the Infallible," analyzing the author's views, evidence, and scholars' responses to these views through Quranic, prophetic, and rational arguments. The research addresses these complex questions related to the concept's foundation, implications, and consequences, providing a comprehensive critical analysis of this significant theological issue within Shia thought.