In vitro evaluation of neuroprotective effects of sodium and potassium compounds against Alzheimer model

Alzheimer's Disease, which is one of the most common causes of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease that gradually destroys memory and thinking skills. Our study, the human neuroblastoma cell line was transformed into mature neuron-like structures by application of retinoic acid. Transformed cells were administered with H2O2 at specified dose intervals (0-200 μM) to stimulate an AD-like environment and the IC50 value of H2O2 was determined by using MTT viability test. It was determined that under specific doses of citrate tirbasic dihydrate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium phosphate dibasic and potassium tartrate molecules did not cause toxicity, so their neuroprotective properties could be tested in AD model. Among these molecules were found to significantly increase cell viability at μg/ml concentration levels compared to H2O2 application. Flow cytometry method was used to observe apoptosis/necrosis caused by H2O2 toxicity. Cell death mechanisms and cellular nuclear integrities were examined using Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining method under a light microscope. The effects of selected sodium and potassium compounds on AcHE, TAS and TOS level are investigated. The protective effects of the castrations of the selected compounds against H2O2 were demonstrated by MTT tests. Flow cytometry results showed that the selected compounds significantly reduced the necrotic cell deaths. It has been shown that the applications of the selected compounds cause a significant decrease in AChE activity and TOS level, and an increase in TAS level. In the light of our findings, candidate molecules from sodium and potassiumbased molecules exhibited neuroprotective effect on the experimental AD model.