Investigation of the citotoxic and apoptotic effects of ethanol, eugenol, and acetyl salicylic acid in human gingival fibroblast cells

Toothache is an important problem encountered in almost every period of human life. Although toothache occurs for many reasons, tooth decay is one of the reasons that can come to mind. Among other causes, erosion in the tooth enamel, cracks or fractures in the tooth due to any trauma, gum infection and wisdom teeth are among the main causes of toothache. Toothache, which is usually tried to be treated with painkillers and different methods, is a discomfort that will make the problem much worse as the application to the doctor is delayed. Trying to treat toothache, especially with hearsay information, causes significant damage to the teeth and tissues. Different concentrations (0.01 μM, 0.1 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of ethanol, eugenol and acetylsalicylic acid, which are reported to be frequently used in complementary health practices, in order to better understand the effects of the substances they use on the tissue and to raise awareness on this issue, in the hope that patients will benefit. , 1000 μM) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) to examine the cytotoxic effect, apoptotic effect and proinflammatory effect. Commercially available HGF-1 cell lines were used in our study. MTT method and H&E staining method were used for cytotoxicity evaluation. In order to evaluate their apoptotic effects, BAX and Caspase 3 levels, which are known to be effective at the junction points of apoptosis pathways, were measured using ELISA and MTT methods. In order to examine their proinflammatory effects, IL-1B and TNF-alpha levels, which are proinflammatory cytokines, were measured. ELISA method was used for these measurements. Our findings showed that after 10 μM dose concentration of ethanol, cytotoxicity increased and decreased cell proliferation, increased BAX and Caspase-3 proteins, and increased IL-1B and TNF-a levels. (p<0.01). In eugenol and acetylsalicylic acid, after a dose concentration of 100 μM, cytotoxicity increased and decreased cell proliferation, increased BAX and Caspase-3 proteins, and increased IL-1B and TNF-a levels. (p<0.01).