Genetic differences between low grade and high grade urothelial cancer in bladder

Genetic Differences Between Low Grade and High Grade Urothelial Cancer inBladderPurpose: Comparing the genetic differences between low grade and high grade ofurethelial cancer in bladder by using cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic methods.Method and Materials: Between May 2009 to May 2010, blood and tissuesamples were collected from 34 patients who have bladder cancer. Structural andnumerical abnormalities of chromosomes were detected in blood and tissue samplesfrom both patients and control groups with the method of cytogenetic. p16 and p53genes were also identified in the tumor samples of the bladder by using FISH methods.The numbers of chromosomal abnormalities were compared for patients and controlgroup. We divided the patients into two groups according to histopathological features.The patients with low grade urothelial cancer composed the first group and with highgrade urothelial cancer composed the second group. We compared the two groupsaccording to age, body mass index, smoking time, number of chromosomalabnormalities and differences in p16 and p53 genes and than assessed with statisticalmethods.Findings: Thirty (88,2%) male and four (11,2%) female patients with bladdercancer recruited the study and the mean age was 60,6 ± 14,2 ( 26 ? 81) year. The meannumber of chromosomal abnormality in patients with bladder cancer and control groupwere 20 ± 36,2 (0 ? 182), 1,3 ± 1,6 (0 ? 5), respectively and difference was significant(p= 0,0001). Histopathologic examination reveals that 11 (32,3%) patients had lowgrade urothelial cancer, 22 (64,7%) patients had high grade urothelial cancer and 1(3%)patient had carcinoma in situ. The patient with CIS was assessed as a high grade andadded the second group. There were no statistically differences between the first groupwhich including the patients with low grade papillary urothelial cancer and secondgroup with high grade according to age, body mass index and smoking time ( p=0,971,p=0,106, p=0,561). There was also no different between the two groups according tonumber of chromosomal abnormalities (p=0,714), however when we considered thechanges of the p16 and p53 genes differences were significant (p=0,002 and p=0,039).The most structural abnormalities were seen in chromosome 1, 2, 3, 5, 9 and 15, andnumerical in chromosome 8, 17, 21, 22, X and Y. Regions of 1q21, 1q32, 2q22, 2q32 ?35, 3p21, 5q31, 5q33, 9p11, 9q32 were detected as a most affected areas.Result: The most structural abnormalities were seen in chromosome 1, 2, 3, 5, 9and 15, and numerical in chromosome 8, 17, 21, 22, X and Y. Regions of 1q21, 1q32,2q22, 2q32 ? 35, 3p21, 5q31, 5q33, 9p11, 9q32 were detected as a most affected areas.The region of 5q31 may be research adversly. Changing of p16 and p53 genes weremore frequent detected in patients with high grade papillary urotelial cancer.Key Words: bladder cancer, chromosomal abnormalities, p16, p53