Trigonella foenum -graecum L. tohumlarından ekstrakte edilen bazı biyoaktif bileşiklerin incelenmesi

Fenugreek (Çemen) plant seed has been known for centuries for its rich nutritional content and therapeutic effects. It has many uses, both as a spice and to treat many diseases. Many different world cultures have cultivated and used Fenugreek in various ways. Fenugreek seed extracts were obtained by three different methods: Solvent extraction (SOL), Soxhlet extraction (SOX), and Supercritical Fluid extraction (SFE), and qualitative and quantitative analyses of bioactive compounds in the obtained extracts were carried out by various chromatographic methods. GC-FID was used to determine fatty acids in the study. Fatty acids could not be detected in the extracts obtained by SOL and SOX methods; It was determined that 61.98% of the total fatty acid content in the extracts obtained by the SFE method was linoleic acid. GC-MS performed volatile component analysis. 54 compounds were detected in SOX, 52 in SOL, and 48 in SFE with GC-MS library. The bioactive compounds with the highest area were determined as Pyrimidonene (8.41%) for Soxhlet, Cholesterol decanoate (18.26%) for Solvent extraction, and Cyclododecyne (18.96%) for SFE. Tocopherol determination was carried out with an HPLC-FLD. α-tocopherol (vitamin E) was detected in all three different methods. The presence of γ-tocopherol was observed only in the SFE extract. In the total phenolic compound analysis; 8.676 and 8.41 mg GAE/mg extract values were obtained from SOL and SOX, respectively, while the lowest value was determined as 5.766 mg GAE/mg extract from SFE. However, when the obtained extract yields were considered, it was observed that the total phenolic content was the highest in the extract obtained with the SFE system. In addition, Ellagic acid was detected in all three extracts in the HPLC-DAD phenolic compound analysis; Rutin was found only in SOL, Kaempferol, o-Coumaric acid, and Salicylic acid were found only in SOX. Antioxidant capacity analysis was performed with DPPH and the results showed an increase parallel to the concentration. While the SOL method gave the highest results in the range of 32.3-53.86%, SOX was found in the range of 27.86-48.89% and SFE was found in the range of 16.62-37.46%. Trigonelline analysis was performed with HPLC-VWD and was determined as 27 mg/L in SOL, 20 mg/L in SOX, and 18 mg/L in SFE. Diosgenin was determined by GC-MS but could not be detected in the extracts. This study provides important information to understand the chemical components and potential health benefits of Fenugreek seeds. Key Words: Fenugreek, SFE, HPLC, GC