Changes in Iraq's political system and its effects in constitutional decisions

Iraq has undergone many constitutional changes throughout its political history. However, these constitutional changes generally took place after the coup and occupation. Therefore, it is not possible to say that Iraq has prepared these constitutions in line with its free will. It is evident that these constitutions were prepared under the influence of whatever happened during That period. The preparation of the 1925 Constitution was carried out under the rule of the British. It is correct to say that it is a law that protects the interests of the British rather than Iraq. As a result of the military coup in 1958, the 1958 Constitution was prepared. As a result of the revolution made by the Baath Party in 1968, another new constitution was prepared. The difference of this Constitution from others was the variety of powers given to the president. Because, with this constitution, the President has become a president, as well as an army commander and the President of the Revolutionary Command Council. In terms of law, the Revolutionary Command Council was considered the highest authority. For, the Revolutionary Command Council controls the powers, duties, responsibilities and even the resignation. In 1970, a constitution was prepared, dominated by the socialist regime. The commission that prepared this constitution contains more experienced members than the preparatory commission of the 1968 constitution. Unlike other constitutions, the issues that concern the entire Iraqi people are covered under this constitution. Considering the post-occupation period in 2004, a temporary constitution, drawn up by the Government Council, was prepared. Iraq's new political regime provides for a severe and sudden break with a centralized governance practice that is highly institutionalized. In 2005, the Permanent Iraqi Constitution (New Iraqi Constitution), which will remain effective from that date, came into force. What makes this constitution different from others is that it is subject to popular voting. On the other hand, the most striking issue was the federal government structure. In addition to the federal system, the parliamentary system is also included in the constitution. There is a popular vote in determining the parliament. The 2005 Iraqi Constitution also implies a democratic form of government, which should also be regarded genuinely as a major innovation not only for Iraq, but for the rest of the Arab world as well. The new constitution is based on the religion of Islam. However, while preparing, concepts such as custom and tradition were also taken into consideration. In the Constitution, besides Arabic, Kurdish is determined as an official language. This has been reacted from many sections. In addition, the most striking issue in this constitution; İs the federal system which has created fears by the Irakı people, despite the possibility that Iraq may be divided into smaller states in the future.