The perspective of the profession of teaching in Islamic educational thought: The case of Ibn Sahnûn

Teaching, which is as old as humanity, has reached its current position with the change and transformation it has undergone. Islamic civilization has also made a great contribution to the development of this profession. For this reason, it is necessary to know how the Islamic civilization views teaching and what duties and responsibilities it imposes on it. For this purpose, there is a need for studies in which the teaching profession is considered as a special field in Islamic educational thought. At this point, it is of great importance to get to know Ibn Sahnun, one of the leading faqih and educators of the 9th century, and his work in the field of education and teaching, Âdâbü'l-muallimîn, closely. This study aims to show the view of teaching in Islamic educational thought through the example of Ibn Sahnun. In this study, prepared as qualitative research in line with this purpose, the emergence of the teaching profession in the historical process, its development and the point it has reached today have been revealed first. The findings were analysed with the content analysis technique. Then, based on the main material of this study, Âdâbü'l-muallimîn, the subtleties related to teaching were focused on. In this context, it has been determined what the procedures and principles of teaching are, the duties and responsibilities of teachers towards students, parents, society and religion, as well as the rights to protection against financial, social and third parties as a requirement of the service. In addition, it was understood that a curriculum consisting of compulsory and elective courses was followed in the work, a lesson plan and work schedule planning was followed, important information about classroom management was given. It has been seen that the principles of teaching are observed in the work, teaching strategies, methods and techniques are used, which are similar in terms of their functions, if not in name, and course tools and usage procedures are indicated. On the other hand, it has been seen that the practices related to teaching are allowed to be recognized closely in the work and the solutions to the problems encountered are considered in a fiqh (legal) and pedagogical context. In this respect, it can be said that the work is of a nature that will contribute to the formation of the infrastructure of legal texts related to the subject. In addition, the work supported the development of teachers as a whole from a personal and professional point of view, and helped to establish certain criteria and standards in determining teacher competencies. He also made important contributions to the process of becoming a profession of teaching.