Religion and politics according to Islamic sciences: Classical Period

Politics emerged as people began to live in society and is as old as human history. Along with humanity, religion also began in the Islamic faith. Relations between religion and politics have been related to each other in all periods of human history, but this relationship and interaction have differed depending on place and time. The same can be said for Islam and politics. In Islamic thought, Man is considered as a knowing and intelligent being, not only with God, but also as a being with responsibilities for its relationship with society and nature. Islam sees these relations as an existential issue on an ontological level. Although politics and religion are disciplinary areas specific to separate areas in Modern societies, the history of Political Thought shows that the differences between these two are neither clear on the ontological nor epistemological level. It seems that politics is an important issue in all of these traditions when it comes to Islamic thought traditions. In the ideas of Islamic thinkers about politics, man is a free individual with reason and will, and therefore he is responsible. Man is responsible for what he has done and what he has not done. In Islam, a person is responsible for ordering good and denying evil. In this study, political thought was studied in classical sources in the fields of fiqh, Kalam, morality, Sufism, politics and philosophy, in which Islamic Political Thought is included. This study aims to show that the political (state, administration, etc.) teachings of Islam have a plurality even within these mainstream disciplines, and that a uniform approach is not possible.