Determination of frequent diseases seen in patients of Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Dietary Services Polyclinic

Betul Sanri, Determination of Frequent Diseases seen in patients of Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Dietary Services PolyclinicBaskent University Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Postgraduate Thesis 2014This study has been conducted in order to determine the frequency of diseases seen in 520 patients (410 females and 110 males) over 18, who had applied to Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Dietary Services Polyclinic between January 2012 and January 2014, and to determine the risk factors which may be associated with these diseases. The study was conducted by examining the patient files at the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine's Dietary Services Polyclinic.The individuals' socio-demographic attributes, lifestyle habits, antropometric measurements, the name of department which referred the patient to the polyclinic, diagnosis received, medicines used, physical activity level and data related to their biochemical parameters were transferred to the data collection form as prepared by the author.Average age of the subject group was found to be 45.44±13.05 years. According to the Body Mass Index (BMI) scale, 6.8% of males and 13.4% of female individuals were found to be overweight(BMI=25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and 13.9% of male and 59.0% of female individuals were found to be obese (BMI≥30.0kg/m2).Looking at the diagnosis placed on the individuals, frequency of obesity was found to be 89.6%, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 24.8%, hypertension 24.8%, impaired glucose tolerance 15.2%, sleep apnea 4.6%, hypothroid 7.3% and iron deficiency anemia 11.5%.A statistically significant relationship was established with gender and age and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, sleep apnea, hypothroid and iron deficiency anemia (p<0.001).When the individuals were evaluated according biochemical parameters it was found that the average hunger blood glucose level was 119.13±59.44 mg/dL in males and 103.77±38.86 mg/dL in females, and the average triglyceride was 228.64±111.68 mg/dL in males and 178.90±67.15 mg/dL in females. Average values of hunger blood glucose and triglyceride were higher in males than females while their respective HDL-Cholesterol is lower. Biochemical parameters of individuals and the differences of such parameters between genders was found to be statistically important (p<0.001). It was also established that total cholestrol level increases with age.A statistically significant relationship has been established between the age groups and the levels of hunger blood glucose, LDL-Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol (p<0.05). Differences were observed regarding Body Mass Index groups and hunger blood glucose, total cholesterol and hematocrit values in females. There is also a difference in hunger blood glucose and triglyceride levels between overweight and obese groups and a similar difference regarding total cholesterol between normal and overweight groups. A negative and statistically significant relationship has been established between the individuals' smoking habits and levels of physical activity, and their levels of LDL-Cholesterol, hemoglobin, hematocrit and tri-monthly average of their blood sugar levels.A positive relationship was established between occurrence of obesity in the family and diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and iron deficiency anemia, while a positive and statistically significant relationship was established between occurrence of circulatory diseases and hiperlipidemia in the family and diagnosis of obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, hiperlipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, sleep apnea, hypothyroid and iron deficiency anemia in these individuals. The main component of of the strategies to avoid diseases caused by insufficient eating and malnutrition is tochange eating habits, lifestyles and environmental factors constantly and to establish which individuals fall into a high risk category in this context and to conduct appropriate preventative action accordingly