Perception of women in theological sects

Since the emergence of humanity on the stage of history, the issue of women has been a subject of discussion in all societies, religions, and sects. Today, a signifi cant portion of the criticisms directed at the understanding of Islam is related to the perception and interpretation of the religion through women. Although each sect holds different assumptions regarding women in theological and jurisprudential fields, this pluralistic structure is often ignored, and Islam is criticized from a singular and reduc tionist perspective with regard to women. These criticisms, which continue today, are largely shaped around social life and religious interpretations. The main motivation behind writing this thesis is the need to reveal how the incorrect practices and interpretations attributed to Islam concerning women have been formed throughout the historical process. In this context, the issue of women has been examined within the framework of divine religions, Islamic theological sects, and con temporary Islamic movements. This study demonstrates that the perception of women in Islamic thought is rooted not only in the primary texts (the Qur'an and Sunnah) but also in the historical, cultural, and social environments of the commentators and theologians. The divergent views among various schools of thought indicate that Islam's approach toward women possesses a dynamic and interpretive character rather than a monolithic structure.