İzmir havasında element konsantrasyonları ve kaynaklarının belirlenmesi

The concentrations of particulate matter (PM) fractions (PM2.5 and PM10) were determined concurrently at suburban and urban sites in Izmir, Turkey. The sampling period was between June 2004 and May 2005. The PM concentrations showed significant temporal and spatial variations. The concentrations were higher in winter at urban site, whereas the summer concentrations of suburban site were higher. The elemental composition of PM were determined by measuring the concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. The elemental concentrations also showed temporal and spatial variations. The elemental compositions were dominated by terrestrial elements (i.e., Ca, Al, Fe and K) and Na. PM10 and PM2.5 samples were also collected from the major PM emitters and they were characterized in terms of the same elemental composition. To determine the sources of PM and the contribution amount of the sources, some statistical methods and models (i.e., factor analysis, positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balance method) were used. The results indicated that the major sources that contributed to the PM concentrations were traffic, soil, mineral industries and fossil fuel burning. Although traffic was the major contributor to PM concentration at two sites, the contributions to trace elemental concentrations were limited. The major contributors to trace elemental concentrations were industry, fossil fuel burning and mineral industries.