Horse - braker tribes in the caucasas (1 st. millennium B. C.)

Written and archaeological sources evidence emergence of Horse braker tribes in the Caucasas in prehistoric periods. The most important and dominant nomadic tribes in this geography were Cimmerians, Scythians and Sarmatae. Cimmerians and Scythians appeared firstly, in 8 th Century B. C:, whereas Sarmatae emerged later, in 6 th Century B. C. These tribes entered in inter-cultural and political relations with domestic habitants and political bodies of the region and mutually affected each other that shaped culture and political structure of the Caucasas. Written sources of the states of the region as well as other great states of that time, such as Assur, Urartu, Babylon, Media, Greece Rome, etc, provide us with important information about history of these tribes. Horse braker tribes were nomads. Thus, both cultural and political live of these tribes was shaped by and within of such way of life. These tribes went into relation firstly with Urartians. As a result of wise policies launched by the king of Urartians, they established contacts with Assurians. Political relations with these states did not continue for a long Period of time and both states disappeared from scene of history before 6 th Century B. C. as a result of growing pressure of the mentioned nomadic tribes. Political and administrative structures of these tribes were based upon old Turkish traditions. Step religion and believes appeared in their different aspects in a wide geographical area. The sun sun-related believes were dominant religion along which shamanism and Word of Gods were widespread amongst these clans. Even nowadays there is no general opinion149 on languages used by this tribes and its linguistic details, shared by scholars, and these remain as a serious theme of discussion. However, against different theories, cuneiform writings found in Sakai and Suy, that include a number of words with Turkish roots brings clarity the theme and lead us to the truth. Economical and commercial aspects of life of the tribes were also determined by and based upon needs of nomadic way of life. Main branch of art was portraying of animals such as lion, bull, deer, wild and myths birds, horse, ship, etc. Written information about Horse braker tribes of the Caucasas are found in Assurian, Babylon, Urartian and Persian cuneiform writings, Greek historical texts, and works of Homer, Herodotos, Hippokrates, Polibius, Strabo, Ptolemaios and others. Roman historic writings and works of Pompeius, Pliny, Tacitius, Ammianus Marcellinus about Sarmatae follow the above mentioned resources. Archaeological findings related with the theme were discovered in the Caucasas, as results of systematic diggings conducted mainly by the German and Russian, and partly Azerbaigan scholars in the whole region. tC YÜKSEKÖ?Rirr W KURU W OOKÛHAirtASTOH WEWOBl