Force majeure in bills of exchange

In this study, the results of force majeure in bills of exchange are discussed and the issue of force majeure in bills, policies and checks, which are bills of exchange within the framework of Turkish Commercial Code provisions, is examined. Our study consists of three parts. In the first part, the definition and elements of the force majeure concept have been examined and a comparison of the vis maior with the casus fortiutus, which is a similar concept, has been made. Then, the provisions existing in Turkish Law within the framework of private law on force majeure are mentioned. In the second part, in order to make the terms of force majeure understandable in the bills of exchange, firstly a general examination about the bills of exchange was made; subsequently, the cases where the force majeure was effective in bills of exchange were examined. The terms of the force majeure within the framework of the provisions of the foreign exchange bills are explained separately. In the last part of our study, it is aimed to make a detailed explanation about the legal consequences of force majeure. In this context, firstly, information about the general results of the force majeure has been given, and the results in the bills of exchange have been examined separately in terms of each bill. Finally, the study was completed by explaining the effects of force majeure on timeout and proofs.