The effectiveness of inclusive design approaches in the transformation of public spaces: A study on the case of İstanbul

Cities worldwide undergo various transformations influenced by local and global factors. The design approaches used in this process determine the interaction of urban spaces with their users and lead to qualitative urban changes through the reproduction of space [1][2][3][4][5]. According to Gehl (2010), qualified urban space is an environment that facilitates encounters, interaction, and urban life [6]. In this context, inclusive spatial design approaches that make space for multiple users have been observed to positively affect the quality of public life by providing a diverse environment [7][8][9]. The quality of life in urban areas is improving, leading to sustainable and healthy urban space uses [10]. In urban planning, public spaces are becoming increasingly important in terms of time, users, and power relations [11]. To offer a diversity of experiences, cities should program spaces with contemporary connections to local culture and society, which can help build a sense of social identity in a particular place [6][12]. As urban resilience develops, it may be possible to recreate and develop a sense of social identity in public spaces in Istanbul, a city that has undergone many changes. [13]. This thesis explores the development of inclusive design approaches in the literature and their reflection in local thesis research in Turkey. It also investigates the effectiveness of these approaches in transforming public spaces in Istanbul. The study begins with a literature review based on the keywords 'sustainability, urban space, and human-place relationship', which are broad concepts related to the city. The literature and local sources analyze the impact areas of the theories and concepts produced in the context of the inclusive design approach over the years. The subsequent identification of the theoretical and conceptual development of urban design movements that evolved with these phases follows. The distribution and concentration processes of the identified keywords and concepts were used to map their reflection in local theses. The study analyzed the strategy plans and master plans of Istanbul's central public administration published between 2020 and 2023 using the same methodology. Additionally, the effectiveness of the inclusive spatial design process in Istanbul was investigated by identifying two areas where inclusion-based phased strategies have been advanced to the implementation process. Surveys and interviews were conducted in Zümrütevler Square in Maltepe district and Ordu Street in Fatih district to measure their effectiveness. The discussions focused on the current transformations of these areas and how they relate to the evolution of current inclusive spatial design approaches in the local context. The thesis provides valuable insights for individuals and institutions interested in understanding the design of public spaces in Istanbul, the local evolution of inclusive design, progressive strategies for promoting healthy urban spaces, and commonalities in their use.