Impregnation fire retardancy properties of coated polyester textile surfaces by using wheat husk

Deaths and injuries due to fire have been a problem all over the world from the past to the present. Various efforts are underway to reduce both deaths and injuries and material losses. These can be summarized as: preventing the fire from starting, preventing the growth of the starting fire and providing easy extinguishing. Natural or synthetic polymeric materials, including textile materials used in households in everyday life, can have a high flammability. Therefore, they play an important role in the growth and extinguishing of fires. The effects of both natural and synthetic textile materials on fire have led researchers to work to make them non-flammable or flame retardant. For this purpose, many chemicals are used in the textile industry. Over time, the emergence of toxic and environmentally harmful properties of the chemicals used for this purpose has led researchers to develop more environmentally friendly, non-hazardous and renewable flame retardant products. In this study, the first application of wheat husk, which is a natural material and emerged as waste material during the production of wheat (Tricitum Aestivum), was applied to a textile surface for the first time. Acrylate and polyurethane-based commercial coating binders containing milled wheat husk of varying sizes and quantities were applied to a flame-retardant polyester woven fabric in the laboratory using a knife coating method. The coated fabrics obtained were tested in accordance with NFP 92 504, NFP 92 503, IMO FTP Code Part 7 and ISO 15025 test standards for home textiles and the results were compared. As a result, it has been seen that wheat husk additive gives a certain level of flammability property to acrylate and polyurethane coated fabric according to M1 standardization test method . In case of the other some methods used in the measurement of the flame retardancy property, the flame retardancy property was not provided, but the combustion behavior of the material was changed and the flame propagation rate decreased and the flame spreading was prevented in the direction of the sample width. It has been seen that the addition of nanosilver wire and graphene increases the flame retardancy behavior. Although the wheat husk provides a strong flammability, it does not provide a self- extinguishing and fire-resistant property. In all experiments, it was observed that the combustion continued after the fabric ignited. Although it does not prevent combustion, it has been observed that it changes the burning behavior of the fabric in terms of prevents flaming dripping and melting.