Hydrogen production from blacksea

The Black Sea has 436 400 km2 surface area, 2 300 000 km2 floor area and 547 000 km3 water volume. 90% of The Black Sea?s water is under anaerobic conditions. The deepest place is 2206 m. The sea has 6 countries? coast and Turkey has the longest shoreline. The amount of hydrogen sulfide formed as a result of the pollution in deep waters of the Black Sea is 4.587 billion tons. It is thus possible to obtain 4.317 billion tons of sulfur and 269.8 million tons of hydrogen with full utilization of this hydrogen sulfide. The value of the potential hydrogen energy in the Black Sea can be expressed as 3.78 MJ x1013 MJ (1.05x1013 kWh or 9x108 toe (tons of petroleum equivalent)). Hence, the importance of the energy potential of H2S in the Black Sea is clear. The composition of the Black Sea water has been produced synthetically in the laboratory for experimental studies. Rather than direct electrolysis of hydrogen sulfide, an indirect and 2-stage electrolysis is employed to minimize problems in this process. This method is based on the alternating use of vanadium with +4 valence and with +5. Reduction of V (V) and precipitation of sulfur from hydrogen sulfide in the first stage and oxidation of V (IV) with electrolysis to produce hydrogen in the second stage were achieved. Experimental studies showed that 50 oC was the optimum temperature with the precipitation 90% of sulphur in the first stage. The optimum temperature for the electrolysis stage was determined as 40 °C in the second stage. Calculations showed that 34% of the hydrogen?s energy is to be spent for this cyclic process and the remaining energy can be considered as the energy that can be utilized. In addition, a process has been developed using the experimental findings and Chemcad program for possible industrial application.