The effect of green manure applications on yield and quality in Karakilçik wheat cultivation

This study was conducted during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 wheat growing seasons at the Research and Application Area of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University. In the study, three different durum wheat Karakılçık genotypes and the Günberi commercial variety were grown under conditions where cowpea, soybean, and peanut were used as green manure, alongside commercial fertilizer. The effects of the genotypes on grain yield were found to be significant in the second year of the experiment, with the Günberi commercial variety producing the highest grain yield (336 g m-2) in the second year. Fertilizer effects were significant in both years, with peanut and soybean providing the highest yields in the first year (345 and 329 g m-2, respectively), while cowpea yielded the highest value (330 g m-2) in the second year. Although the hectoliter weight (kg hl-1) of the genotypes averaged 81.3 kg hl-1 over the two years, the Karakılçık-3 genotype achieved a higher average value of 82.0 kg hl-1. In the second year, the grain protein content was higher in the Karakılçık-1 and Karakılçık-2 genotypes, with percentages of 11.44% and 11.12%, respectively, compared to the other genotypes. In conclusion, considering the effects of green manure on grain yield, peanut and soybean were found to be effective in the first year, while cowpea was effective in the second year. Keywords: Green manure, grain yield, wheat landraces, grain protein, durum wheat